The analytical utility of the electrochemical PADs is demonstrated through electrochemical determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by anodic stripping voltammetry. The working electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy. Then, the desired fluidic patterns were formed on the paper substrate by drawing with a commercial hydrophobic marker pen using an inexpensive computer-controlled x-y plotter.
Electrodes were deposited on paper using screen-printing with conductive carbon ink. This work reports the fabrication of integrated electrochemical fluidic paper-based analytical devices (ePADs) using a marker pen drawing and screen-printing.
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